Borons Chemical and Physical Properties

Boron's Chemical and Physical Properties Atomic number: 5Symbol: BAtomic weight: 10.811Electron configuration: [He]2s22p1Word origin: Arabic Buraq; Persian Burah. These are the Arabic and Persian words for borax.Isotopes: Natural boron is 19.78% boron-10 and 80.22% boron-11. B-10 and B-11 are the two stable isotopes of boron. Boron has a total of 11 known isotopes ranging from B-7 to B-17. Properties The melting point of boron is 2079Â °C, its boiling/sublimation point is at 2550Â °C, the specific gravity of crystalline boron is 2.34, the specific gravity of the amorphous form is 2.37, and its valence is 3. Boron has interesting optical properties. The boron mineral ulexite exhibits natural fiberoptic properties. Elemental boron transmits portions of infrared light. At room temperature, it is a poor electrical conductor, but it is a good conductor at high temperatures. Boron is capable of forming stable covalently bonded molecular networks. Boron filaments have high strength, yet are lightweight. The energy band gap of elemental boron is 1.50 to 1.56 eV, which is higher than that of silicon or germanium. Although elemental boron is not considered to be a poison, assimilation of boron compounds has a cumulative toxic effect. Uses Boron compounds are being evaluated for treating arthritis. Boron compounds are used to produce borosilicate glass. Boron nitride is extremely hard, behaves as an electrical insulator, yet conducts heat, and has lubricating properties similar to graphite. Amorphous boron provides a green color in pyrotechnic devices. Boron compounds, such as borax and boric acid, have many uses. Boron-10 is used as a control for nuclear reactors, to detect neutrons, and as a shield for nuclear radiation. Sources Boron is not found free in nature, although boron compounds have been known for thousands of years. Boron occurs as borates in borax and colemanite and as orthoboric acid in certain volcanic spring waters. The primary source of boron is the mineral rasorite, also called kernite, which is found in Californias Mojave Desert. Borax deposits are also found in Turkey. High-purity crystalline boron may be obtained by vapor phase reduction of boron trichloride or boron tribromide with hydrogen on electrically heated filaments. Boron trioxide may be heated with magnesium powder to obtain impure or amorphous boron, which is a brownish-black powder. Boron is available commercially at purities of 99.9999%. Quick Facts Element Classification: SemimetalDiscoverer: Sir H. Davy, J.L. Gay-Lussac, L.J. ThenardDiscovery date: 1808 (England/France)Density (g/cc): 2.34Appearance: Crystalline boron is hard, brittle, lustrous black semimetal. Amorphous boron is a brown powder.Boiling point: 4000 Â °CMelting point: 2075 Â °CAtomic radius (pm): 98Atomic volume (cc/mol): 4.6Covalent radius (pm): 82Ionic radius: 23 (3e)Specific heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 1.025Fusion heat (kJ/mol): 23.60Evaporation heat (kJ/mol): 504.5Debye temperature (K): 1250.00Pauling negativity number: 2.04First ionizing energy (kJ/mol): 800.2Oxidation states: 3Lattice structure: TetragonalLattice constant (Ã…): 8.730Lattice C/A ratio: 0.576CAS number: 7440-42-8 Trivia Boron has the highest boiling point of the semimetalsBoron has the highest melting point of the semimetalsBoron is added to glass to increase its resistance to heat shock. Most chemistry glassware is made from borosilicate glassThe isotope B-10 is a neutron absorber and used in control rods and emergency shutdown systems of nuclear generatorsThe countries Turkey and the United States have the largest reserves of boronBoron is used as a dopant in semiconductor production to make p-type semiconductorsBoron is a component of strong neodymium magnets (Nd2Fe14B magnets)Boron burns bright green in a flame test References Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001)Crescent Chemical Company (2001)Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952)International Atomic Energy Agency ENSDF database (Oct 2010)

Social Movements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Movements - Essay Example As the report declares collective behavior refers to the actions, often disorganized, taken by a large number of people gathered together usually in defiance of society's norms. Collective behavior can take one of several forms, including crowd activities and social movements. This paper discusses that there are four types of social movements: reformative, redemptive, alternative, and revolutionary. Reformative movements are movements that are aimed at altering only some aspects of the existing social order. Redemptive movements are movements that are aimed at rescuing people from ways of life seen as corrupting. Alterative movements are movements aimed at securing partial change in individuals. Revolutionary movements are movements that are aimed at far-reaching, cataclysmic, and often violent change in the society of which they are a part. There are a number of different explanations for social movements. Marx argued that revolution occur because of class struggles from Economic deprivation-Marx argued that revolutions occur because of the class struggles resulting an imbalance in the economy and society. Members of society believe they are deprived of some valued resource. Problems with this theory include the fact that social movements themselves may c ause deprivation to one segment of society. In today’s world it’s difficult to look at any segment of society and not find some type of social movement. But perhaps one that spans the globe universally is the Global Peace Movement.

Discussion 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion 1 - Coursework Example After listening to the Goralski dance suite, it has been analysed that each of the five dances are not only different from one another but are also similar at the same time. The Podhale region of Poland is known for its distinctive music and dances because which are based on couple dances varying from one village to another. All the five dances are based on different content and styles but carry similarities in terms of the two basic regional attributes which are based on the rocky foothills of the Tatra Mountains in southern Poland and the districts of Orawa and Spisz. The similarity in the five dances is based on the solo dance that each couple performs in the manner of a series of dances. The difference starts to appear when each male dancer starts to sing a different tune in a free style rhythm. This tune is then also played by the musicians for the couple to continue dancing in a rhythmtic manner. There is also a great difference between country and international dance. Traditional dance, being part of our local culture is always part of our daily lives and it bears great importance as well. Traditional dance represents and showcases various aspects of that country and defines it in a certain way. There are various forms and genres that exist in every culture. International dance on the other hand, mainly incorporates almost all types and kinds of dances from all over the world that includes traditional, non-traditional among others. Various contemporary American dances have emerged nowadays but they cannot be regarded as equivalent to the goralski set of dances. This is because the goralski set of dances are based on the folklore culture of Poland and based on traditional tunes and dance steps. The contemporary American dances are performed on new tunes which do not carry any cultural heritage of the American

Writing to Evaluate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing to Evaluate - Essay Example Varied ethnicities and social mores have a lot in common, especially in the current times. Men and women do behave differently in every culture. For instance the American women enjoy more freedom than their counterparts in any other part of the world. For an individual from a more restrained culture at USI, the opportunity to play soccer with females and being pushed or tackled by a woman could turn out to be really amazing. The girls may not have the sportsmen like skills, but they do have the right to share a soccer field with males, without cowering to any considerations regarding varied gender issues. While in many Asian countries, it’s the family that takes the important decisions regarding a girl’s life; in America women do have the right to choose their partners and to freely live their lives as they want to. In that context, a person visiting Hong Kong for the first time may be shocked at finding dog and cat meat dishes in the regular menus at the local restaurants (Ingrams 134). Yet, for a Chinese it could mean just one other culinary delight or a dietary preference. Indeed food is one major difference between varied cultures. Also, food could turn out to be a unique experience in the US, because it is imported from almost every nation and it gets really difficult to tell, which a foreign food is and which a traditional American food is. For instance, most of the people in the Middle East do not eat pork, just like the Jewish people from Israel. It gets really funny to notice that the Arabs and the Israelis can share their dietary preferences, but they cannot share the land. In the US, fast food and gas stations are almost ubiquitous, while in the Middle East, one could find barber shops and laundries almost everywhere. Indeed, the human needs do tend to differ from one culture to othe r. The way people dress up in the Arab nations is unique. Some people there

Impacts of Whakama and Implications on Hauora Outcome

Impacts of Whakama and Implications on Hauora Outcome Simran kaur brar 1.1 Choose any four of the following and briefly analyse what effect each one would have on the hauora of a MÄ ori client) Shame: Sometimes MÄ ori clients feel shame to explain personal problems and personal diseases with other person. They feel unsafe or shame to expose their body parts in the front of other person.They feel shy to discuss their problem with female doctor or health worker.The outcome of this problem is that if one doctor or nurse take care to the MÄ ori client by this client trust on him or her and they discuss their problem openly. Self doubt: Some clinet have self doubt about somethings so they took wrong way.When the client have self doubt about somethings they dropped their confidence level and it put bad effect on client,s health because they do not explain their problem properly so that’s why doctor or nurse cannot treat the client properly .The outcome of this is that if the doctor or nurse treat,communicate and take care in good way by this client put trust on them. Feeling inferior: Some client feel inferior to discuss our problems with others and they feel agitate while exposed their body parts in the front of doctor and health worker and they feel uncomfortable when they explain their problem with doctor and health worker.If doctor,health worker and client have a good understanding between them client cannot feel inferior. Feeling misunderstood: Some MÄ ori client feeling misunderstood regarding culture when their body. Sometime health worker change the client,s pad but not ask him in that situation client feel misunderstood so if health worker communicate with the client before doing their work it is beneficial for client. 1.2 Select any 4 and analyse the impact of each one within a hauora context. One to one consultation with a health worker: If client discuss their sexualy problem with same gender they not feel shy this is very benefical for him because they like privesy and they explain their problem openly. Docter and health worker treat him with right way so it helpful for him. One to one consultation with a health worker of a different gender: Client feel hesitate when he discuss their problem with different gender .They cannot explain their problem properly and caregiver also cannot explain their problem to the male doctor .So doctor cannot give the treatment to the client properly and it is not good for client,s health. Consumer survey: It is not a affective way because MÄ ori client do not response to survey.Doctor cannot give treatment to the client in proper way by this problem cannot be solve and it is not good for client health.So face to face approach is more beneficial Group consultation with a health worker of a different gender: It may be inappropriate and it is very hard for client because they feel uncomfortable to discuss their problem in the front of other so it put negative empact on client. 1.3 Identify and analyse 2 adverse socio cultural and 2 socio economic factors which could cause whakama and affect hauora outcomes for  MÄ ori Adverse socio cultural factor one Lack of identity: MÄ ori are affected by lack of identity becauce of cultural and economic factors. Lack of connection, generational impact. These issues put big impacts on MÄ ori health. So if care giver have a knowlage about culture,language by this way they can easly understand the client Poor education achievement: if care giver have a knowledge about language and cultura by this they can understand the problem of client because if they have no knowledge they can not understand client problem. Adverse socio economic factor Education: The MÄ ori people economic factor is not good. Mosty MÄ ori peoples have not peoperly skilled and they do not paid.More MÄ ori are not doing work government take them all the skilles .They are very important part of newzealand economy because this is a land of MÄ ori. Employment: Mostly MÄ ori people not doing work and they face many difficulties due to lack of education.They face health and income problem. 2.1(a) Negative impacts of whakama on hauora Isolation and feeling unsafe while in hospital setting: Sometime MÄ ori client feel shy and uncomfortable with other.They cannot discuss their problem confidently because they feel shame by this problem doctor cannot take him proper treatment and it puts bad effect on his health. Feelings of whakama if using rongoa: some MÄ ori clients feel inferior to discuss our problem with others.They feel agitate in the front of doctor and health worker when exposed their body parts and they feel inferior when explain their peoblem in front of doctor. Literacy: It can also put effect on MÄ ori client. If MÄ ori client can less literate that can be put effect on their health  and our income. 2.1(b) Positive impacts of whakama on hauora Tikanga best practice guidelines: If care giver give respect to the client and sharing all resources by this client share all the problem with care giver .Good repport is Literacy: Literacy is also the effect on hauora.Do good arrangement of education for MÄ ori client because education improve the literacy and economic condition.By education MÄ ori safe their culture. Code of rights: Treat the client with respect,treat with care and receive the right servicesand explain all the condition to the client and listened the client carefully in this way client put trust on the care giver and share all the problem openly this is very good for his health. 1.1(b) Relationship grouping Interconnections First principles Key concepts Kohungahunga- Maatua Matua Tamariki Matua: -parent Kohungahunga: -children They take care of them ,educate them and help them They fulfill the all that basic needs of them. They guide him in all the important decision making in life. Whanua-relationship between parent and child Whanau- Its main responsibility of the maatua to take care of kohungahunga and provide him a safe and caring environment Whenua- Maatua ensures that child is getting safe land to grow up. Tinana- matua always remember to take care of child’s body movement caring his body. Hinengaro – all the feelings and the thoughts of the child is highly appreciated by maatua Whakapapa-matua and kohungahunga has a strong relationship and he is deeply attached with the matua. Whanaungatanga-matua provide him all that things needed to be survive. Kaitiakitanga – they all make him feel his is in safe hands and they will always take care of them. Rangatahi Pakeke Kaumatua Rangatahi: -youth Pakeke: -adult Kaumatua: -elder, These relations are generational They provide guidance They give knowledge about their culture and religious beliefs Wairau They build relationships Teach MÄ ori language. Hinengaro They provider leadership they become role models, provide guidance. Whakapapa The traditional knowledge is nurtured and is not lost Whanauntanga Strengthens the relationship, language cultural belongings and mentor. Pakeke Kaumatua Pakeke: -adult Kaumatua: -elder They are intergeneratio-nal The kaumatua are the role models They pass down about the marae,iwi and hapu by oral history story or by singing wayata Wairua They build relationships Teach MÄ ori language. Hinengaro They provide leadership they become role models, provide guidance. Kaitiakitanga Exercise mana of hapu and iwi through kawanatanga Provide guardianship. Tuakana Teina Tuakana: -Elder siblings Teina- Younger siblings They are in the same family and they respect each other. They may be the role models for others. Includingly they also provide knowledge and guidance Hinengaro Looks at the role of older and younger. The siblings. Whanauntanga They guide each other. Tane Wahine Tane: -man Wahine: -woman The men have leadership quality in them and they command the family The women has the role of kahikaronga They both look after each other Whenua They teach to respect the culture. Wairau They meet at marae build relationships and both are role models. Whanaungatanga Relationship with Marae they play their roles and responsibility. Tikanga Follow the protocols Hapu Iwi Hapu: -sub-tribes Iwi: -tribes They are intergenerational. Mana they share cultures, teach from elders to the youngest Tane is the leader Whanua They support the families. They have nuclear and extended families, Whenua They provide knowledge on how to look after the land and how to protect it. Whakapapa They have connections. Pass on cultural identity Whanaungatanga Strengths the relationship Whakapapa extends the whanua members. Kohungahunga Wahine Matua Kohungahunga: -infant, Wahine: -mother Matua: -parent There is very close relation between the mother and the infant, mother feeds the baby through umbilical cord, looks after the baby, nurtures the needs and wants. Fulfill all the neccesities Protect the baby from any kind of danger. Whanua The relations between mother and father before pregnancy and after. Tinana Mother looks for the basic necessity of infant. Whanaugatanga Extends the whanau. Strengthens the relationships substances like feeding teaching, language and customs. Kaitiakitanga They provide guardianships Looks after the child and teach them knowledge. 1.2 First principles Key concepts Development Maintenance Continuity Whenua They teach to respect the culture. Wairua They meet at marae build relatioships and both being role models. Whanaungatanga-Relationship with marae they play their roles and responsibility. Kaitiakitanga follow the protocols Teaching on how to protect the land The knowledge the gain about the culture identity know how to look after the land making your self confidence in learning about the culture maintaining the identity Through building relationsh-ips learning more about MÄ ori language Wairua They build relationships Teach MÄ ori language. Hinengaro They provider leadership they become role models, provide guidance. Kaitiakitanga Excise mana of hapu and iwi through kawanatanga Provide guardianship Introducing cultural identity from the very basic spiritual down into the deeper information Being role models. Hui-gathering for funerals Learning karakia and its importance(prayers) Setting examples to the youths By learning and practicing mihi-mihi. Whakataki Continuing good examples and aspects for others to lean about. Whauna The relations between mother and father before pregnancy and after. Tinana Mother looks for the basic necessity Whanaugatanga-extends the whanau. Strengthens the relationships substances like feeding teaching, language and customs . Kaitiakitanga They provide guardianships Looks after the child and teach them knowledge Whanaugatnaga linked through relationships. Procreation Proper diet of the child Exercise Participating in the stuff the child will learn. Maintaining personal hygiene for the child. The growth and support to the child given by the parents Keeping the child away from harmful substance. Whanua Teach about the marae/hapu/iwi Provide security Support them in times of need. Whakapapa The traditional knowledge is nurtured and is not lost Whanauntanga-strengthens the relationship, language cultural belongings and mentor. Learning the traditional knowledge. Strengthening the relationship Meeting up in marae. Making them do things that they can learn about Usual gathering with families and friends. Supporting them Hinengaro Looks at the role of the older and younger siblings. Whanauntanga They guide each other. Provide leadership Providing guidance Leading the friendship or family, being a role model for them Showing them the correct path Living accordance to moral and value. Continued to educate others Maintaining positive attitude

jane eyre, a passage to india , and the tempest :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jane Eyre, A passage to India, and The Tempest all hold within their covers’ stories of women or girls who knowingly and unknowingly affected the lives of men they were involved with. However, the females’ range of influence does vary between the books due the writer’s opinions of the female sex. The strength and influence of women did and will continue to have an affect on the men they are surrounded by as well as our society as a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jane Eyre begins as a young, weak girl and buds into a strong, independent woman. Because of her strength and amount of growth she is able to influence and change one very important man in her life. Mr. Rochester when he meets Jane is a very cold man. He loves no one, not Adele the child that is possibly his of Miss. Ingram a woman he would soon be engaged to. As her time a Thornfield Hall lengthens the reader watches his transformation from the man calling her Miss. Eyre to the man who begs her love him, stay with him and marry him. Charlotte Bronte shows through Jane’s impact on Rochester, as well as her own metamorphosis, that women are strong and capable as well as important to their society and the men they meet. The influence Jane had on Rochester and the fortitude she showed would allow society to see what a woman is capable of and in turn has the women reading encouraged to do the same. The way Bronte portrayed Jane affected not only Rochester but t he women and men of society today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. Azziz, when met with Mrs. Moore, is immediately drawn to her. He befriends her and through this friendship he is changes. Before he knew Mrs. Moore he didn’t have a strong liking of the English though he tolerated and even got along with them. Mrs. Moore, however, gave him a way to understand them and because of her influence he began friendships with Mr. Fielding and Mrs. Quested. After the cave incident the way Mrs. Moore viewed life had changed and she became a very negative person. Dr. Azziz just like Mrs. Moore became very angry and negative when she in a way abandoned him. Mrs. Moore’s character has the ability to make society take a second look at the muddle of India and consider is as more than that.

The Effects of Preventive and Detective Controls on Employee Performance and Motivation Essay

Organizational behavior is an important aspect of every organization or company since it determines the overall performance of an organization. Within every organization, there are certain behaviors which are associated with that particular organization. This means that in every company or organization, there are certain behaviors which are considered as the norms of the company and practiced by all employees in the company. Organizational behavior affects how the operations within a company re carried out, how customers of the business are handled and how the employees within the organization relate with each pother. Q1             One of the justice dimensions which I would have applied during a morning briefing with the staffs would be procedural dimension. Procedural dimension aims at providing the employees with the relevant and sufficient information which they can also use to make decisions as well as understand the position of the company, hear the opinions of the employees and gives room for appeal on the decision of the company (French, 2011). In making decisions, it is important to have all stakeholders understand and get involved before the final decision is made. Andrea should be honest with the staffs and provide them, with full information on the downsizing, give them a chance to express their view. Explaining to the staffs why the company has taken such measures trhough a procedural manner is important because the employees will feel valued. The implication of being guarded with information will generate distrust among the employees since they will not be able to understand why the decision was made. If Andrea uses procedural dimension, the ethical implication is that the relationship between the employees and the company will remain strong (French, 2011). There will be trust from the employees as well as avoid conflict as a result of the decisions. It will show representation, consistency, accuracy as well as eliminate bias. Q2             Based on justice and ethics discussions, the advice that would be appropriate for Andrea to take in terms of making use of a bigger budget for compensation would be that she should make gradual changes. Employee motivation is an important aspect for the success of any organization and must be handled with care (Njoroge, & Yazdanifard, 2014). The employees should not be offered a short-term â€Å"retention bonus† nor a permanent raise. By giving the employees a permanent raise, it will mean that one need of the employees will have been met hence the level of motivation may decrease with time. However, if offered the short-term â€Å"retention bonus† the employees will be motivated for a short while until the need is met. Therefore, based on â€Å"Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory†, when one need is satisfied, one moves to the next need until all needs in the hierarchy are met it would be advisable to have the funds used in supporting changes in work structure. This can be done for the staffs that have a workload that is expanded (Phillips, & Gully, 2012). Offering a bonus or a permanent raise does not solve the problem of work load hence it is ethical to solve the issue of work load through a new work structure for the employees. The short-term, retention bonus and the permanent raise will only help to motivate the employees for a short-while but what will have a lasting impression is making changes that will lighten the workload for the employees. It is not ethical to raise the salaries of the employees while the working conditions are not satisfactory. This will mean that one of the needs of the employees is not met if short-term bonuses and the permanent raise are provided under the same work conditions. Therefore, it is important that Andrea applies the four-component model and the three concepts that are involved in ethical decisions making (Nelson, & Quick, 2012). The decision should be based on moral awareness of the situation that the employees are undergoing due to the workload. In addition to that, the concept of moral judgment and moral intent should form the basis of the final decisions on changing the work-place structure for the benefit of all the employees using the funds available. Q3             Andrea has to make a decision on combining the staffs so that they can work together and share the work load although it has been observed that there are those that will have to do more than others (Chung Hee, & Scullion, 2013). The staffs have the free-will to choose the amount of work load they would like to add hence there is need to be careful with the way Andrea works out the whole process of combining. The theory applicable and suitable for this situation is the theory of Job Characteristics theory (Schermerhorn, 2012). This theory explains that employees consider jobs to be enjoyable when the tasks involved in the job are more challenging and provide them with a feeling of fulfillment. From the case study, it can be noted that there are tasks which will need to be undertaken even by staffs that have not been performing them, hence this will present a challenge for those that will take up the tasks. The challenge of the tasks and the fulfillment that the staffs will gain from carrying out the tasks will act as the motivating factors towards them combining their areas of work. On the motivational factors that Andrea would require top apply when combining the staffs, there will be need to consider factors such as recognition, achievement, responsibility as well as growth of the employee and their career advancement. These factors as have been identified by Herzberg’s Two-factor theory explain that employees that obtain the above mentioned factors are likely to be motivated in their performance (Christ, Emett, Summers, & Wood, 2012). This case of combining the staffs will mean taking on some different roles and duties, therefore, these factors will contribute to wards the success of the whole process within the firm. The satisfaction in the new versions will be provided by ensuring that the employees are properly recognized for their performance. Furthermore, it would advisable for Andrea to ensure that there are plans for the advancement of the employees as well as their personal growth in their new job versions (Chao-Chan, & Na-Ting, 2014). It is important that the employees should grow with the company and see some changes in their career, something which will help in bringing satisfaction in their new roles. McClelland’s Acquired Needs theory observes that employees seek for achievement in what they do. What this means is that when the employees take up the new roles within the company, they aim to achieve something in the long run. Therefore, to ensure that the employees are satisfied in their new roles, it will be important to ensure that they have been accorded the necessary help and assistance which will enable them gain some achievement. Q4             When employees are given voice, there are various benefits which an organization or company is able to realize in the short and long run. As the company, Blaze, transitions from its old operations to its â€Å"new normal† it would important that Andrea gives the staffs a voice and allow them to be part of the decision making process (Christ, Emett, Summers, & Wood, 2012). The employees should be given a voice in routine operations that closely affect their work as well as on matters that deal with staff welfare. One thing that has been observed as the impact of giving employees a voice is organizational commitment. This means that employees would want to remain part of the company and continue to provide their services. When Andrea gives a voice to the employees in matters pertaining to the routine operations in the company, it will motivate the employees to want to stick around since they know they can be heard and that they are important within the compan y (Nelson, & Quick, 2012). The Job Characteristics theory applies in this case with regard to â€Å"critical psychological states†. The employees However, staffs should not be given voice in sensitive matters of the organization. The employees are not permanent in the company, meaning they can leave employment any time that they feel they want to leave or in case there is an issue that results in their dismissal. Mitigation would involve allowing voice to the employees in matters that are not sensitive. References Chao-Chan, W., & Na-Ting, L. (2014). Perceived Organizational Support, Organizational Commitment and Service-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. International Journal Of Business & Information, 9(1), 61-88. Christ, M. H., Emett, S. A., Summers, S. L., & Wood, D. A. (2012). The Effects of Preventive and Detective Controls on Employee Performance and Motivation. Contemporary Accounting Research, 29(2), 432-452. doi:10.1111/j.1911-3846.2011.01106.x Chung Hee, K., & Scullion, H. (2013). The effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on employee motivation: A cross-national study. Poznan University Of Economics Review, 13(2), 5-30. French, R. (2011). Organizational behaviour. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Nelson, D. L., & Quick, J. C. (2012). Organizational behavior: Science, the real world, and you. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Njoroge, C., & Yazdanifard, R. (2014). THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN A MULTIGENERATIONAL WORKPLACE. International Journal Of Information, Business & Management, 6(4), 163-170. Phillips, J., & Gully, S. M. (2012). Organizational behavior: Tools for success. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Schermerhorn, J. R. (2012). Organizational behavior. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Source document